Alpatov, V. M. SCHOOLS OF THE RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS. RESEMBLANCES AND DIFFERENCIES. Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2023;45(6):94–100. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2023.945


Third Fortunatov Readings in Karelia

SCHOOLS OF THE RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS. RESEMBLANCES AND DIFFERENCIES

Alpatov
V. M. 		Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords:
Scientific school
Potebnya
Fortunatov
Baudoin de Courtenay
Schakhmatov
Scherba
Vinogradov
phoneme		 Summary: The article compares the main scientific schools that emerged in Russian linguistics in the second half of the nineteenth century: the Kharkov school (A. A. Potebnya), the Moscow school (F. F. Fortunatov), and the two schools founded by I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay in Kazan and St. Petersburg. Although each of the schools has been studied in a variety of publications, a systematic comparison of the ideas and methods of these schools has not, as a rule, been made. An attempt is made to trace the fate of each of these schools in the twentieth century. While the Kharkov and Kazan schools gradually died out, in Moscow and St. Petersburg – Petrograd – Leningrad we can note the continuity and preservation of traditions. Fortunatov’s school preserved the general principles of positivist science of the nineteenth century longer than others, but the Moscow school was not accidentally called formal by its opponents. The article shows how Fortunatov’s desire to rigorously prove his positions and to abandon psychologism contributed to the most rapid transition of the new generation of the school to structuralism. Baudouin de Courtenay’s ideas were innovative and anticipated many ideas of twentieth-century language science, but the scholar’s desire to give a psychological interpretation to the phenomena in question was not characteristic of other schools. Often this or that school adopted the ideas of other schools, reinterpreting them: the notion of the phoneme, introduced by Baudouin, was adopted by the Moscow school, but was understood not as a psychological one, but as a sense-differentiating one. Both in Moscow and in St. Petersburg a number of traditions still exist today. Consideration of the origins



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