Kareva, N. V. GERMAN SOURCES OF “RUSSIAN GRAMMAR” BY M. V. LOMONOSOV: VERB TENSES SYSTEM. Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2023;45(4):29–33. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2023.903


Russian language. Languages of the peoples of Russia

GERMAN SOURCES OF “RUSSIAN GRAMMAR” BY M. V. LOMONOSOV: VERB TENSES SYSTEM

Kareva
N. V. 		nstitute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords:
Lomonosov
Schwanwitz
Charmyntes
plusquamperfectum
double perfect forms		 Summary: The aim of the article is to identify the sources of tense classification in “Russian Grammar” by M. V. Lo- monosov (1757). The relevance of the work is determined by the importance of “Russian Grammar” in further develop- ment of Russian grammar description. The novelty is the involvement of hitherto scarcely known sources. Lomono- sov in “Russian Grammar” identified several past tenses, including three plusquamperfecta. His classification partly went back to “German Grammar” by M. Schwanwitz (1730), who was guided by “Die deutsche Grammatica... von Charmyntes” (1713). Charmyntes developed a model for describing verb tenses, having suggested three plusquamper- fecta, the second and third ones expressed by the forms of the so-called “ perfect” (doppeltes Perfekt) and “double plusquamperfect” (doppeltes Plusquamperfekt). The article argues that the inclusion of double perfects in the paradigm was an innovation of “Die deutsche Grammatica”. It is suggested that its author was influenced by the ideas of K. von Stieler and J. G. Schottel. It is pointed out that double perfect forms have been recorded in German since the second half of the XIVth century, but grammarians of the XVIth and XVII th centuries advised to avoid them. The XVIIIth -century grammarians strongly condemned the use of double perfects. The traced chain of borrowings demonstrates the influence of German grammar on Russian one in the first half of the XVIIIth century. The conclusion is formulated about the significant role of “Die deutsche Grammatica” in the transfer of linguistic knowledge and its indirect influence on “Russian Grammar” by M. V. Lomonosov.



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