Vorontsova, I. V. THE PUBLIC OF RUSSIA ABOUT CHURCHE AND STATE IN THE FIRST MONTHS AFTER THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION. Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2022;44(2):47–55. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2022.731


Russian history

THE PUBLIC OF RUSSIA ABOUT CHURCHE AND STATE IN THE FIRST MONTHS AFTER THE FEBRUARY REVOLUTION

Vorontsova
I. V. 		Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University of Humanities
Keywords:
Church and State
February Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution
model of interaction between Church and State
separation of Church		 Summary: After the Revolution in February 1917, the possibility of realizing the long-standing request of the Russian Church for independence from the state appeared. Among cultural, church and public figures, a discussion about the new status of the church and models of interaction between the church and the authorities opened, the readiness of the enlightened layer of Russian society to separate the church from the state was revealed. The objective of the article was to analyze all the models of church-state relations proposed in the 1st half of the year and to track the evolution of the request. The purpose of the article was to answer the question: “what models of church-state relations were presented in the 1st half of the year, and how were the accents and priorities set?” It would also allow us to put forward the assumption that the decree of the Council of People’s Commissars on the separation of the church from the state and the school from the church (1918) only consolidated the internal readiness of many to make religion a private matter of citizens, and the Orthodox Church – only one of the public organizations. Today, it is important to restore religious consciousness in society as a guarantor of social stability, morality and traditional ethics: there is a search for mechanisms of interaction between the church and state structures. This indicates the need to address the question of what contributed to the destruction of the church-state union that functioned before 1917. The sources were books and articles of cultural, public and church figures published in the 1st half of the century. The problem-chronological, historical-genetic and narrative-analytical methods are applied, the main discourse of the problem is determined. An analysis of the content of proposed models of interaction between the church and the authorities in republican Russia in 1917 showed that during March-June, the theocratic model of the beginning of the century disappeared from the public’s field of view, and confirmed that the request for church independence during the process of discussion was replaced by the complete separation of the church from the state with the gradual expulsion of the church beyond the limits of cultural and social life.



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