ACADEMIC JOURNAL
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ISSN 2542-1077 (Print) ISSN 1994-5973 (Online) |
Russian history |
Zverev V. O. | Omsk Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia |
Keywords: Grand Duchy of Finland German espionage Swedish espionage gendarme police military counterintelligence |
Summary: Some aspects of the organization of German espionage in the Grand Duchy of Finland (1915–1916) are
considered. The hypothesis about the insignificant role of the Swedish participation in the intelligence plans of Germany
is substantiated. With the help of unpublished documents from Russian archives, the ideas about German-Swedish
espionage that already exist in Finnish and Russian historiography are detailed. It is concluded that there were a number
of grounds that hindered the effective struggle of the counterintelligence of the Northern Front against German agents
in Finland. The most serious obstacles included: the forced reorganization of the Finnish police (its renewal due to
radical national cadres), the lack of real intelligence capabilities of the counterintelligence of the 6th Army, the use of
most secret officers of the counterintelligence department in the Finnish region for other purposes (to track revolutionary
sentiments in the Baltic Fleet). The analysis of these factors made it possible to come to the conclusion that the military and political special services are unable to foresee and prevent the difficulties that have arisen in the fight against a more experienced and pragmatic enemy, to inflict an adequate counterstrike on him. |
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