Pchelov, E. V. THE NORTH-EASTERN LANDS OF THE RUSSIAN KINGDOM IN THE TITULAR TERRITORIAL HERALDRY OF THE XVI–XVII CENTURIES. Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2021;43(6):101–106. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2021.662


Russian history

THE NORTH-EASTERN LANDS OF THE RUSSIAN KINGDOM IN THE TITULAR TERRITORIAL HERALDRY OF THE XVI–XVII CENTURIES

Pchelov
E. V. 		Russian State University for the Humanities
Keywords:
heraldry
Moscow kingdom
title
territories
emblematics		 Summary: The article is devoted to the study of the territorial coats of arms of the XVI–XVII centuries, which served as a designation of the lands of the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals, which gradually entered the sphere of influence of the Moscow state. The author focuses on the complex of six such coats of arms: Yugrian, Permian, Vyatsk, Udorsk, Obdorsk and Kondinsk. The author set the problem to research the history of these coats of arms and the evolution of their images, defining the principles according to which these coats of arms were formed and changed. The complex of territorial coats of arms is closely connected with the history of the czarist title. Already in the middle of the XV century, the Moscow Principality established a protectorate over the lands of Vyatka and Perm’, which led to the inclusion of these names in the territorial title of the Russian sovereigns that was being formed. The reason for the new edition of the territorial title (1484) was the successful campaign to Yugra, and the appearance of new names in the title of the lands of this region was associated with the campaign of 1499–1500. Thus, by 1514, the complex of titular names that is the object of research in this work was formed. The first heraldic seals of these lands are known from the second half of the XVI century and are recorded on the Great Seal of Ivan the Terrible in the late 1570s. The images on them reflected the hunting industry characteristic of these territories and associated mainly with the extraction of fur-bearing animals. In other words, the first heraldic images symbolized local natural and economic features. But already during the reign of Mikhail Feodorovich, the gradual addition of the old coats of arms with new symbols began, and in the 1670s some coats of arms were even formed anew (some of them under the influence of Western European heraldry). As a result, the semantics of the coats of arms of these lands has become more complex. Christian symbolism was strengthened in the coats of arms, Christian symbols such as the cross and the gospel appeared in several coats of arms. This process was also characteristic of other titular coats of arms of the Moscow Kingdom. The initial heraldic visualization of the local features of the regions was supplemented with national religious and ideological emblems.



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