Generalova, E. V. EUROPEAN LOANWORDS IN OLD RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: PHONETIC, GRAMMAR AND DERIVATION ADAPTATION // Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2020. Vol. 42. No 5. P. 45–51. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2020.498


Second Fortunatov readings in Karelia

EUROPEAN LOANWORDS IN OLD RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: PHONETIC, GRAMMAR AND DERIVATION ADAPTATION

Generalova
E. V. 		Saint-Petersburg State University
Keywords:
borrowing
loanwords Russian language of XVI–XVII centuries
historical lexicology
phonetic assimilation
grammatical assimilation
word-building assimilation		 Summary: The article discusses the processes of formal adaptation of borrowing from European languages into Russian during the XVI–XVII centuries. The paper deals with the specific of phonetic, grammatical and word-formation assimilation of foreign language vocabulary in the pre-Petrine epoc. The material is presented by the data of historical and etymological dictionaries of the Russian language. Texts of these period demonstrate the beginning of active penetration into Russian of borrowing of European origin, and this process - in particular, formal assimilation – is specific, being complicated by the frequent mediated nature of borrowing and wide language variation. The peculiarity of the phonetic assimilation of European borrowings is their proximity to the source language (and language-facilitator) and significant phonetic-graphic variation. From the point of view of partial distribution, the Russian language of Moscow Rus adopts mainly nouns, lesser - verbs from the languages of Europe. There is a complete grammatical assimilation of these borrowing and the consistent inclusion of them in the Russian morphological system, indeclinable nouns and adjectives are not fixed in Old Russian, the most often varied grammatical feature is gender. Derivatives are actively formed from borrowed bases, but there is no fundamental difference in the derivation of native and borrowed words.



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