Shestakova, L. L., Kuleva, A. S. EVALUATION MARKERS IN A MEDIUM-SIZED EXPLANATORY DICTIONARY: PRAGMATIC LABEL “SHOWING DISAPPROVAL”. Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2026;48(7):52–58. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2026.1366


Theoretical, Applied and Comparative Linguistics

EVALUATION MARKERS IN A MEDIUM-SIZED EXPLANATORY DICTIONARY: PRAGMATIC LABEL “SHOWING DISAPPROVAL”

Shestakova
L. L. 		Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Kuleva
A. S. 		Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords:
exicography
lexicology
evaluative labels
dictionary entry
pragmatics
explanatory dictionary		 Summary: This article surveys a pressing issue in lexicographic practice – the development of methods for system- atically reflecting pragmatic information about a word. The novelty of the research lies in the importance of finding lexicographic tools that can be used to explicate the pragmatic component of meaning. The work is based on a combina- tion of lexicographic and corpusbased methods. The aim of the publication is to comprehensively analyze the use of the “showing disapproval” evaluative label. This evaluative label has been used within a specific lexicographic tradition. In the Small Academic Dictionary, it is used infrequently and inconsistently: there are only 140 cases of using this label across four volumes of the dictionary, including such words as bestolkovshchina, bestoloch, bodryak, bodryachesky, bodryachestvo, buzotyor, bozutyorka, burokrat, burokratka, vkusovshchina, vylazka, vylamyvatsya, etc. The label is systemically used for words of the same vocabulary nest (e. g., buzotyor – buzotyorka (troublemaker – female trou- blemaker)), of the same word-formation type (vkusovshchina, gruppovshchina, kampaneyshchina, kantselyarshchina, etc.), and so on. However, it is obvious that the potential of the label is not fully realized. It is evident that many words and meanings in this group have become noticeably outdated. The new Academic Explanatory Dictionary of the Rus- sian Language, which is currently drafted at the Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences as a modern medium-sized explanatory dictionary, uses this label more widely and systematically, particu- larly to mark the words showing disapproval in colloquial or vernacular speech. A selection of entries from these two dictionaries served as the object of analysis in this study. The findings lead to the conclusion about the importance of systematic lexicographic work, which would take into account the future development of digital lexicography.



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