Alpatov, V. M. BAUDOUIN DE COURTENAY AND THE PARADIGM SHIFT AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY. Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2026;48(1):18–26. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2026.1261


IV FORTUNATO READINGS IN KARELIA

BAUDOUIN DE COURTENAY AND THE PARADIGM SHIFT AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY

Alpatov
V. M. 		Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords:
Baudouin de Courtenay
study of living languages
phoneme
morpheme
world linguistics		 Summary: This article analyzes the role of Ivan Alexandrovich Baudouin de Courtenay’s scientific legacy during the transitional period of linguistics at the turn of the twentieth century. The aim of the study is to identify and characterize key aspects of his theory that determined the shift in the scientific paradigm: the rejection of a purely historical approach, the introduction and development of the concepts of phoneme and morpheme, the distinction between syn- chrony and diachrony, and the substantiation of the psychological and social nature of language. The novelty of the work lies in its comprehensive examination of Baudouin de Courtenay’s ideas in the context of overcoming the crisis of comparative linguistics and the formation of the foundations of structural linguistics. Particular attention is given to his views on the systematic nature of linguistic changes, the role of conscious intervention in language, and his cri- tique of the dogmas of the comparative-historical method. The relevance of the study is determined by the continuing influence of the scholar’s concepts on modern linguistics, including phonology, morphology, and sociolinguistics. It is emphasized that Baudouin de Courtenay not only anticipated many directions of scientific development in the twentieth century, but also laid the methodological foundations for the study of language as a dynamic system that combines individual-psychological and social principles.



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