Tarlanov, Z. K. THE QUALITY OF THE LANGUAGE MATERIAL BEING STUDIED AND LINGUISTICS AS A SCIENCE. Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2024;46(3):28–35. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2024.1021


Theoretical, Applied and Comparative Linguistics

THE QUALITY OF THE LANGUAGE MATERIAL BEING STUDIED AND LINGUISTICS AS A SCIENCE

Tarlanov
Z. K. 		Petrozavodsk State University
Keywords:
Russian linguistics
European linguistics
scientific discourse
scientific research
a priori
evidence
factual material
science
culture
the relationship of science with culture		 Summary: The subject of the article is the study of the nature of the connection between ethnic (national) culture and the development of scientific thought, in particular linguistics. It is proved that the connection between science and culture is initially determined one-sidedly; culture serves as a necessary and obligatory impulse for the birth of science, which is precisely why it appears ethno-culturally conditioned. The research is based on the analysis of linguistic material, methods and methodology that make up the content of the fundamental and universally recognized classical works of European and Russian linguistics of the XIX–XX centuries: G. Paul, F. de Saussure, S. Bally, J. Vandries, L. Elmslev, A. A. Potebni, A. A. Shakhmatova, A. M. Peshkovsky, V. V. Vinogradov, L. V. Shcherby, V. M. Zhirmunseogo etc. The article substantiates and proves the position that the European scientific linguistic text, which by virtue of its a priori it is quite appropriate to call scientific discourse (scientific narrative, narrative), can be designated as deductivedeclarative in relation to factual material, which is not so much investigated in its necessary and sufficient quantitative totality, as used as individual illustrations designed to confirm a given theoretical position. In an extreme form, this type of discourse is implemented in glossematics, in particular, in the works of L. Elmslev. In Russian linguistics, there is something completely different that relies on an impressive factual base, namely, a scientific presentation of an introductory or generalizing type. In both cases, it is based on factual material, which is subjected to a thorough and, as a rule, exhaustive analysis. At the same time, the factual material cannot be random, socio-culturally insignificant, peripheral, although peripheral facts are also analyzed and evaluated. In any case, this is not a subjectively and arbitrarily generated discourse, which, in principle, can be continued as much as necessary and in different directions. In accordance with this, Russian linguistics is distinguished by such distinctive qualities as reliance on a large concrete factual material, evidence-based, encyclopedic, inclusion in national culture; it is, in its predominant part, multifaceted and humanistically oriented in content.



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