Nikonov, S. A. COMMANDS OF SEA VESSELS OF NIKOLO-KORELSKY MONASTERY IN FIRST HALF OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: STRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT // Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2020. Vol. 42. No 2. P. 51–57. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2020.449


Russian history

COMMANDS OF SEA VESSELS OF NIKOLO-KORELSKY MONASTERY IN FIRST HALF OF EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: STRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT

Nikonov
S. A. 		Murmansk Arctic State University
Keywords:
Nikolo-Korelsky monastery
Murmansk coast
artel
helmsman		 Summary: The article deals with the organization of ship crews of the Nikolo-Korelsky monastery in the first half of the XVIII century. The relevance of the work is associated with the disclosure of the system of communications of the marine coastal economy in the pre-industrial era. In this era, the work of communications was seasonal, not providing year-round maintenance of remote fisheries. The problem of sea and river communications monasteries from Pomorie researchers have repeatedly addressed, but for the Nikolo-Korelsky monastery, this topic remains undeveloped. The monastery was carrying cargo to Murmansk fishery and supplies for the garrison in the Kola fort. For these purposes from the 1720s were used two ships – yacht and gukor. The ships’ crews consisted of helmsmen and sailors. The territorial origin of the ship crew members, the stability of labor relations with the monastery, the conditions and the amount of wages were revealed. In the course of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: the Nikolo-Korel monastery experienced the impact of Peter's reforms, which required the transition from traditional Pomor vessels to ships of the Western European type; the composition of the ship's crew was mobile, changing almost annually, while the captains (helmsman) worked for a long period; the wages of sailors were fixed and depended on the length of the sea route, while in the Murmansk fishery the income was determined by the volume of production and was unstable.



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