Teikin, M. S. ETHNONYM KAMCHADAL IN THE LINGUISTIS AREA OF RUSSIAN NORTH-EAST // Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. 2019. No 7 (184). P. 104–112. DOI: 10.15393/uchz.art.2019.394


Linguistics

ETHNONYM KAMCHADAL IN THE LINGUISTIS AREA OF RUSSIAN NORTH-EAST

Teikin
M. S. 		North-Eastern State University
Keywords:
Kamchadal
Itelmen
ethnonym
demonym
regionalism (linguistics)
North-East of Russia
Kamchatka		 Summary: The ethnonym Kamchadal in contemporary sense of the word specifies so-called “new” people, the early history of which covers only the beginning of the 18th century. The Kamchadals appeared in consequence of intermixture between Russian pioneers in Kamchatka and its local dwellers: Itelmens, Koryaks, Evens. In earlier ages, Itelmens, ancient residents of the peninsula, were referred to as Kamchadals; these two terms were absolute synonyms in Russian language at that time. While the procedure of Russification intensified among the part of the population in the North-East in result of which a specific groups of people appeared that differed from “pure” aborigines, thereby arose an objective necessity to distinguish the ethnonyms. As an outcome, the name Itelmens spared those ones who did not give up Itelmen language and culture; the Russian-speaking dwellers adopted the name Kamchadals, including those of them who lived outside the Kamchatka peninsula. The article deals with the procedure of the change in the meaning of the ethnonym Kamchadal, its place in written and oral speech in the North-East of Russia in the 20th century and nowadays, as well as with its difference from the demonym. The author also gives the most probable etymological versions of the word’s origin existing nowadays. This article regards the ethnonym Kamchadal as a regionalism, because it has wide circulation in the places of Kamchadals’ residence, but beyond the Far East it is of little notice.



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